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| Susrut Eye Foundation Research Centre - Glaucoma Clinic |
 Glaucomas are a group of diseases in which a progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells is characterized by a specific pattern of both optic nerve head excavation (glaucomatous optic neuropathy) and visual functional loss (glaucomatous visual field defect). Intraocular pressure is its most frequent causative risk factor
and presently the only factor that is controllable.
It is the second most common cause of bilateral blindness worldwide.
- About 9.1 million people globally are blind because of this disease.
- About 90.8 million of world’s population suffers from this disease and this number is increasing.
- In most of cases it is blamed as “The Silent Killer of Sight”
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| Types of Glaucomas |
Primary open angle glaucoma: an increase in resistance to the outflow through the trabecular meshwork in the angle of the anterior chamber causes a rise in the IOP. This type develops slowly and the symptoms may not be obvious till the damage to the optic nerve has occurred. The patient may lose peripheral vision, leaving only central or tunnel vision.
Primary angle closure glaucoma : due to acute, sub acute, creeping or chronic closure of the anterior chamber angle, blocking outflow of aqueous fluid through the trabecular meshwork. In the rarer acute cases, the symptoms are dramatic and may include severe pain in the eye, headache, nausea, reduced vision, and seeing rainbow colored rings around lights.
 Developmental glaucoma: which may be further divided into congenital glaucoma (in infants from birth) and juvenile glaucoma (in children and young adults). It is characterized by improper development of the eye’s aqueous outflow system.
Secondary : Common causes
- Iridocyclitis,
- Trauma,
- Cataract,
- Neo-vascular glaucoma Following CRVO or proliferative diabetic retinopathy.
- Drugs – Steroids etc.
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| Risk Factors for developing Glaucoma |
- Family History – Parent or sibling
- Age above forty
- Myopia
- Diabetes mellitus
- Hypertension, hypothyroidism
- Ocular inflammation, trauma, neglected cataract
- Long term use of steroids
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| Intraocular Pressure (IOP) |
- It is the pressure inside the eye needed to maintain the shape of the globe, as well as the normal function of the eyeball.
- It is maintained by the balance between formation and drainage of an intraocular fluid called aqueous humor. It is formed by the ciliary processes in the posterior chamber, passes between the iris and lens to enter the anterior chamber, and leaves the eye through the trabecular meshwork and Schlemm’s canal.
- ‘Normal’ IOP About 10-21 mm of Hg, but varies considerably from individual to individual. Glaucoma may occur with IOP within the so called normal range or persons with high IOP may not have glaucoma (ocular hypertension).
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